The code-switching as a strategy management lingual conversation
Among the most important from the point of view of discourse by the code-switching was undoubtedly the reporting of a change of number of participants in the interaction, said another way, the transition from one linguistic system to another is the classic ploy to signal a willingness to talk with another party, other than that with which they talked about until now. This practice is easy to interpret, even for speakers of languages \u200b\u200bwith few resources.
For example, in the next snippet of conversation, switching into Italian indicates a broadening of the participants also to the interviewer, making her the new recipient of the message. The code-switching is a linguistic mechanism that varies widely used to expand or restrict the number of participants at the time of communication. However, it seems to emerge in the corpus collected, for a prevalence rate of the message recipient. It will always be the interviewer to be excluded with the use of the Twi language, code shared by all other participants in the interaction. Thus, the twi language plays the role of we-code, ie code to be used for internal relations within the community. (Gumpertz, 1982:66). The Italian is used in a recurrent way to communicate with the people of Bergamo, and in this situation, the Italian used to expand the constellation of the participants. In the corpus, the Italian will be used to make direct recipient of the message our interviewer, abandoning thus its role as a bystander. Wrapped, code-switching serves to highlight a comment, a subsequence from the most significant, revealing a role of organizer of the conversation. In the monolingual speech it is customary to report the presence of sub-sequences by means of intonation or other prosodic features, but at the multilingual speaker the opportunity to exploit the contrasting effect resulting from the combination of different language systems is an effective strategy and accessible . The transition from one topic to another is often included in the practice of code-switching, making the procedure more fluid interaction. Often prevails in the communications multilingual, switching direction in contrast to the trend of the conversation. For example, issues relating to arrive in Italy and practices to obtain a residence permit have been concluded in Italian, because our participants had to develop a certain familiarity with the Italian, while fulfilling these problems. For everything about the lifestyle of the original country, there is a use of the TWI.
Although our data do not allow us to determine the topic through the language, it seems that English is used in a neutral manner, that is used for those topics that are perceived as devoid of emotional involvement. As part of
contesti, sembra che la commutazione di codice sia molto ricorrente sia all’inizio che alla fine degli episodi interattivi, il tutto durante i saluti di incontro o di commiato.
In questi casi, la lingua prescelta è il twi, la quale marca la differenza tra il momento della conversazione e quello del rituale dei saluti , momento decisivo nel definire i rapporti tra gli interlocutori; sembra che l’uso del twi accorci le distanze tra di loro, dimostrando che entrambi appartengono alla comunità ghanese o ne condividono gli stessi valori, e di conseguenza favorisce un rapporto di solidarietà.
Una delle coppie adiacenti che ritroviamo con molta frequenza sarà la domanda in twi “wo ho te sen? ( come stai?). letteralmente How is your body? This question is a formula of entry (Goffman, 1971, 1988), a greeting meeting whereby two parties confirmed the mutual willingness to begin an interaction function that has become meaningless to the original meaning of the request. Another field of application of code-switching is the reproduction of previous fragments of conversation in the narrative sense, ie to explain the sequence of utterances. This feature allows you to highlight the polyphony in every narrative text. (Bakhtin 1979).
switching makes it possible to master the conversation, adding to already ample choice of these strategies for monolingual and therefore becomes a trump card the speaker's multilingual.
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